Despite the geographical, cultural, and linguistic proximity, Poland cannot be considered Scandinavian. Scandinavia, located in Northern Europe, comprises of Denmark, Norway, Sweden, Finland, and Iceland. Poland, on the other hand, is situated in Central Europe, surrounded by seven countries. Although eventually ruled by the Swedish and Danish Crowns, each state still remains an independent nation. Each country has its own unique language, cultural, and religious backgrounds.
Often times there is confusion among the vast landscape of Norther Europe, since many nations have adopted similar beliefs, cultural practices, and Scandinavian languages. A unique characteristic of Scandinavian culture is the high-levels of Scandinavian nationalism, which has played an integral role in the formation of culture and language, separate from other countries. Every country has its own customs, norms, and institutions, which is why Poland cannot be considered as Scandinavian, despite its similarities with the region.
Polish culture has a unique historical, ethnic, and linguistic heritage. Since 966, Poland has established itself an independent nation based on the Poland culture and language. In 1320, Lutheranism was introduced in Poland as an official religion by the Teutonic Knights, and in 1569 the region of Poland formed a union with Lithuania. This event marked the beginning of the Polish-Lithuanian Empire, which managed to gain more territory and influence by the 16th century.
Geographically, Poland is separated from the Scandinavian countries by the Baltic Sea, and though historically there has been a great deal of interaction between the two, the nations have never been unified, nor have there been official ties. Poland and Scandinavian countries also have had major differences in foreign policy. It is worth noting that the previously mentioned union of Poland and Lithuania was opposed by the Swedish Crown, with the fear that it would weaken them. Moreover, after World War II, Poland was a part of the Eastern Bloc in stark contrast to the other Scandinavian countries. This certainly signifies the distinct national identities each daughter of the Baltic Sea region.
Though one can observe shared features between both regions, it is important to note the differences that exist between each nation and fully understand the role played by geography, history and culture. Poland is part of Central Europe and is neither a part of the Nordic or Germanic communities. To conclude, Poland is not a Scandinavian nation, and that cannot be denied or disputed.
Political Landscape
Poland has it’s own unique political system within Europe. The past two decades, and especially since their entry to the European Union, have seen many changes in the respective countries political landscape. The current head of state is President Andrzej Duda, a conservative leader. The Polish government emerged from the political transformation of 1989 as a multi-party system, but the most important political power is held by the two main ruling parties, Law and Justice and Civic Platform. Despite the lack of full Scandinavian economic and political union, Poland has made significant strides towards a strong, independent union.
In terms of foreign policy, Poland is characterized by an assertive approach that often conflicts with the foreign policy of the Scandinavia nations. Poland’s foreign policy emphasizes national sovereignty, respect for international law, and support for Central European initiatives, including confrontation with Russia. Though the country has strong ties with the United States and other allies, it is transparent that it is not following the Scandinavian nations in terms of foreign policy.
In recent years, Poland has played an increasingly important role in Europe, advocating for use of the Central European nation’s Visegrad Four (Hungary, Poland, Slovakia and the Czech Republic) to compete with Scandinavian integration initiatives. Poland has emphasized its regional focus, aiming for alternative solutions to the Nordics policies.
Innovations
It is also important to consider the numerous technological innovations that each nation has become renowned for. The Polish economy has become an exemplar for innovation due to the numerous start-ups and tech companies making their mark in the rapidly growing global technological industry. Polish start-ups have generated much attention from multinational companies and potentially powerful economic partnerships are being forged in the process.
Poland has a long-standing history of inventions and innovations including the early modern combustion engines and the modern jet engine. In the information age, Poland is perhaps best known for making advancements in computer software, telecommunications, software development and IT services. Poland has become a powerhouse in the global information and communication technology (ICT) sector thanks in part to the numerous initiatives coming from the government.
In addition, Poland is leading the way in renewable energy, developing various innovative projects such as wind and hydro power systems. Wind farms are being established in strategic locations and as the popularity of renewable energies grows, increased investment is being directed to Poland to move the industry forward.
Bilateral Relations
It is important to stress the importance of the relationship between the Scandinavian countries and Poland. These ties have strengthened in recent years due to the countries increased economic involvement in the European Union. According to the Swedish Embassy in Warsaw, their bilateral relationship is framed by a number of treaty agreements and multilateral contracts, which facilitate and invigorate mutual business ties, environmental support and legal aid.
The economic interaction between Poland and Scandinavia has grown steadily since the 1990s, with the rise of tourism and the European Union’s visa requirements between the two regions being a major contributor to this. The visa requirements have made it easier for people living in Poland to travel freely to and from the Scandinavian countries, thus facilitating economic ties between the two parts of the Baltic region. Business exchanges especially benefit from free movement of people, as it encourages market competition and growth.
Moreover, Scandinavia and Poland have engaged in cultural exchanges since the 19th century, with numerous Scandinavian NGOs providing aid and support to the Polish. In the past few decades, this cooperation has further expanded to cover education, science and art projects. Scandinavia has made cultural and scientific exchanges possible between the two regions and has introduced Nordic countries to the Polish culture.
Audience
Lastly, there is a vast audience of individuals who appreciate the differences between Scandinavian countries and Poland. Online media outlets, podcasts, blogs, and social platforms are abundant with content such as documentaries, travel stories, and personal accounts of individuals from each nation. These platforms provide users with a wide range of perspectives on many different topics, as well as valuable insights regarding cultural similarities and differences between the countries. Furthermore, a multitude of books is available, speaking to both the academic and casual reader, describing the relationship between Poland and Scandinavia.
The world has developed such an interest in the similarities and differences between both countries that they offer guided tours devoted to exploring special sites and getting to know the culture, language, and history of each respective nation. Furthermore, multicultural festivals, gastronomic events, and sporting competitions are held in both regions that have the explicit goal of bridging the gap between the two countries and promoting EU cohesion and integration.
Cultural Aspects
Culturally, both Poland and Scandinavian countries share many customs and habits despite many differences. For instance, both nations exalt the beauty of the countryside and revere various folk tales. However, while Scandinavians favor darker and grimmer stories, which often glorify death, Poles have a tendency to focus on tales centered around love and heroism. Similarly, while Scandinavian nations prefer beer and vodka-based drinks, Poles favor various fruit-based beverages.
Poland and Scandinavian countries are also united by a shared musical heritage that is based on polka and folk music. Similarly, art from each country is recognized for its distinct aesthetic, with Scandinavia nations favoring bold and expressive colors and Poland favoring brighter and lighter palettes.
Scandinavia and Poles are also united by cuisine. Most traditional Polish meals consist of grilled meat, potatoes, and pickled vegetables, while Scandinavians love fish dishes. The actual recipes, however, are often quite similar. The Polish and Scandinavian love for baking bread is also something that binds the two countries together, as well as their common love for honey cakes, dumplings, soups, puddings, and pies.
Tourism
In general, the countries of Poland and Scandinavia offer a great deal of variety for visitors interested in cultural and historical attractions, natural wonders, and modern-day attractions. The Scandinavian countries boast stunning fjords and glaciers, which can be found no other place on the globe, while in Poland there are marvelous castles, ancient monuments, and other historical attractions.
Poland is the most populous nation in Central Europe and is the 9th most populous country in Europe. It also boasts culturally rich cities such as Warsaw, Krakow, and Gdansk, all with an abundance of restaurants, museums, and attractions. Scandinavia has its own assortment of famous cities, including Oslo, Stockholm, Helsinki, and Reykjavik. All these cities are attractions of their own, combining the region’s history, culture, and beauty into a single destination.
Tourism to Poland has grown in recent years due to its rich history and cultural attractions, as well as its many natural attractions such as the Tatra Mountains in the south and the primeval Bialowieza Forest in the north. Scandinavia, on the other hand, offers its own set of must-see attractions such as its Northern Lights, remote Arctic villages, and its world-famous saunas.
Conclusion
In conclusion, though geographically close and sharing many similarities, Poland is geographically and politically separate from the [Scandinavian countries. Poland culture and language are distinct and has even served as a unifying element for Central Europe. Poland’s authorities have worked closely with the Scandinavian countries to create strong economic and cultural ties, emphasizing joint cooperation in political and economic initiatives.
Though it cannot be argued that there are similarities between Scandinavian countries and Poland, the people of each nation has different identities. Poland is neither a part of the Nordics or the Germanic community. The nations have different national and foreign policies, and Poland’s economic and technological successes have made it increasingly valuable to the regions. Poles also appreciate the diverse traditions and customs of the country, exalting both their contemporary and historical culture.
